常用软件在 Mac 上的安装和使用
必备软件
安装 brew:
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install.sh)"
安装 iterm2:
下载解压，拖动到应用程序
安装oh-my-zsh:
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
其它软件：
brew cask install gitbook
sudo gem install bundler jekyll
brew install npm
npm install -g gitbook-cli
数据库图形工具
mysql 图形界面管理工具：sequel-pro、mysqlworkbench：
brew cask install sequel-pro mysqlworkbench
通用的数据库图形界面工具：navicat-premium
brew cask install navicat-premium
Getting Started with PostgreSQL on Mac OSX 列出了几个 postgres 的图形界面管理工具:
- Postico
- pgAdmin
postgres
PostgreSQL 好像越来越流行了。
推荐：
以前的笔记：
安装 postgres
在 Mac 上用 brew 安装：
$ brew search postgres
postgresql@11 postgresql@10 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
$ brew install postgresql@11
安装完成后显示操作提示：
To migrate existing data from a previous major version of PostgreSQL run:
brew postgresql-upgrade-database
postgresql@11 is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because this is an alternate version of another formula.
If you need to have postgresql@11 first in your PATH run:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/postgresql@11/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
For compilers to find postgresql@11 you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/postgresql@11/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/postgresql@11/include"
For pkg-config to find postgresql@11 you may need to set:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/postgresql@11/lib/pkgconfig"
To have launchd start postgresql@11 now and restart at login:
brew services start postgresql@11
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
pg_ctl -D /usr/local/var/postgresql@11 start
设置环境变量：
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/postgresql@11/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
验证版本：
$ postgres -V
postgres (PostgreSQL) 11.6
命令行工具的单独安装
如果只是要从本地访问 postgres，可以只安装命令行工具：
$ brew install pgcli
...
If you need to have libpq first in your PATH run:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/libpq/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
For compilers to find libpq you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/libpq/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/libpq/include"
For pkg-config to find libpq you may need to set:
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/libpq/lib/pkgconfig"
启动 postgres
启动 postgres：
$ brew services start postgresql@11
==> Successfully started `postgresql@11` (label: homebrew.mxcl.postgresql@11)
查看状态：
$ brew services list |grep postgres
postgresql@11 started lijiao /Users/lijiao/Library/LaunchAgents/[email protected]
默认数据库文件路径：
$ ls /usr/local/var/postgresql@11
PG_VERSION pg_ident.conf pg_snapshots pg_wal
base pg_logical pg_stat pg_xact
global pg_multixact pg_stat_tmp postgresql.auto.conf
pg_commit_ts pg_notify pg_subtrans postgresql.conf
pg_dynshmem pg_replslot pg_tblspc postmaster.opts
pg_hba.conf pg_serial pg_twophase postmaster.pid
第一次登陆
本地登陆 postgres：
$ psql postgres
psql (11.6)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=#
默认创建的 role（用户）：
postgres=# \du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
lijiao | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Bypass RLS | {}
所在的系统的当前用户会被自动创建为 postgres 的超级用户，所以在本地可以直接用 psql postgres 登陆。
创建其它用户
创建一个新用户：
create user postgresdemo with password 'password123';
在本地用新用户登陆（注意指定 -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5432）：
$ psql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5432 -U postgresdemo
Password:
psql (11.6)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=>
本地登陆时，可能无需密码就成功了，远程登陆时可能密码正确也无法登陆，这是 postgres 的认证配置导致的：
$ cat /usr/local/var/postgresql@11/pg_hba.conf |grep all
local all all trust
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
host all all ::1/128 trust
local replication all trust
host replication all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
host replication all ::1/128 trust
默认对本地全部信任（trust），没有配置其它来源访问。
用下面的配置允许 postgresdemo 用户从任何地址访问所有数据库，通过密码认证：
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD
host all postgresdemo 0.0.0.0/0 password
添加配置后需要重启 postgresql，详细说明见： Postgres 新建用户怎样才能用密码登陆？
创建数据库
创建数据库并授权给 postgresdemo：
create database postgresdemo;
grant all on database postgresdemo to postgresdemo;
如果要限制该数据库的访问方式，可以在 pg_hba.conf 添加类似配置：
# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD
host postgresdemo postgresdemo 0.0.0.0/0 password
数据库操作:
\list: lists all the databases in Postgres
\connect: connect to a specific database
\dt: list the tables in the currently connected database