Nginx 配置文件格式
Nginx 的源代码中有个配置文件 nginx.conf 样例，CentOS 安装的 nginx 自带的默认配置文件结构更好。
CentOS 的 nginx 配置文件组织方式
mac 上的 nginx 的配置文件组织方式和 CentOS 类似，配置文件位于 /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
用 yum 命令在 CentOS 中安装 nginx 的，默认使用的配置文件是 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf：
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
# 默认的server
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# 默认server的配置也写到单独的配置文件中
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
# TLS 配置方法
# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
server {
listen 443 ssl http2 default_server;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
}
上面的配置文件中有两个 include 指令需要特别注意，这两个指令又引入了其它的配置文件，它们分别加载了 Nginx 模块和 Server 配置。
第一个 include：加载 nginx 模块
第一个 include 指令是导入 nginx 模块的加载指令：
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
在 /usr/share/nginx/modules 目录中有多个配置文件，每个配置文件用来加载一个 nginx 模块：
$ ls /usr/share/nginx/modules/
mod-http-geoip.conf mod-http-image-filter.conf mod-http-perl.conf
mod-http-xslt-filter.conf mod-mail.conf mod-stream.conf
以 mod-http-geoip.conf 为例，模块的加载命令如下：
load_module "/usr/lib64/nginx/modules/ngx_http_geoip_module.so";
第一个 include：加载 server 配置
第二个 include 加载 server 配置：
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
Nginx 是一个代理服务器，它可以同时代理多个后端服务，将这些后端服务的配置写到各自的单独的配置文件中，可以简化配置文件并且方便管理。
比如说 /etc/nginx/conf.d/flarum.conf 中全都是 flarum.local 服务相关的配置：
server {
listen 80 ;
listen [::]:80 ;
server_name flarum.local; # 在本地 host 配置域名
root /vagrant/flarum/2_flarum/project; # 这里是 composer 安装的 flarum 项目目录
location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string; }
location /api { try_files $uri $uri/ /api.php?$query_string; }
location /admin { try_files $uri $uri/ /admin.php?$query_string; }
location /flarum {
deny all;
return 404;
}
location ~* \.php$ {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param HTTP_PROXY ""; # Fix for https://httpoxy.org/ vulnerability
fastcgi_index index.php;
}
#...省略部分内容...
gzip on;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_vary on;
}
API 网关 kong 的配置文件组织方式
Kong 是基于 OpenResty 实现的 API 网关，OpenResty 基于 nginx，kong 使用的 nginx.conf 如下：
worker_processes auto;
daemon off;
pid pids/nginx.pid;
error_log logs/error.log debug;
worker_rlimit_nofile 1024;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
multi_accept on;
}
http {
# kong的配置单独写入到另一个配置文件中
include 'nginx-kong.conf';
}